Canada's population of international students holding only a study permit has dropped sharply over the past two years, signalling a clear structural shift in federal immigration policy. According to the latest data from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), the number of study-permit-only holders fell from 673,920 in December 2023 to 460,695 in January 2026, a net reduction of more than 210,000 people, or over 30 percent. The decline became visible from mid-2024, accelerated sharply between March and July 2025, and has remained consistently below 500,000 since late 2025. Analysts broadly attribute the drop to Ottawa's systematic effort to cap international student volumes — a policy first introduced under Justin Trudeau's government in January 2024 and since extended and tightened under Prime Minister Mark Carney, whose 2025 budget slashed the 2026 new study permit allocation from 305,900 to 155,000 (a 49 percent cut), alongside stricter eligibility rules, tougher scrutiny of designated learning institutions (DLIs) and explicit links between intake and housing and labour market capacity. Observers say this is not a short-term correction but a structural turning point that will reshape tuition revenues at Canadian post-secondary institutions, the future pool of permanent resident candidates and housing demand in major cities.

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) issued 2,000 Invitations to Apply (ITAs) for permanent residence to Canadian Experience Class (CEC) candidates in an Express Entry round held on April 14, 2026, with the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) cut-off settling at 515 — six points higher than the previous CEC round on March 31 and the largest single jump in CRS thresholds between draws this year, which also makes it the smallest CEC round of 2026 and underscores IRCC's continued tilt toward in-Canada candidates with domestic work experience or provincial nominations even as the bar to receive an invitation continues to rise; year-to-date, IRCC has issued 61,154 ITAs across all Express Entry categories, with the CEC stream alone accounting for more than half of that total.

Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) has set a concrete annual target for its Foreign Credential Recognition (FCR) Program in its 2026-27 Departmental Plan: 58 funding agreements expected to benefit approximately 32,000 internationally trained professionals (ITPs) seeking to work in their fields in Canada. Alongside this target, the federal government has formally committed $97 million CAD over five years, beginning in 2026-27, to establish the FCR Action Fund — a dedicated funding stream designed to work with provinces and territories to improve the fairness, transparency, timeliness, and consistency of credential recognition processes, with a particular focus on the healthcare and construction sectors. These developments signal a shift in Ottawa's approach from project-level funding toward systemic reform of Canada's credential recognition framework.

On March 31, 2026, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) closed out the month with an Express Entry draw targeting Canadian Experience Class (CEC) candidates, issuing 2,250 invitations to apply (ITAs) for permanent residence at a minimum Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score of 509. This marked the 19th Express Entry draw of 2026 and the sixth dedicated CEC round this year. With 55,830 ITAs issued across the first three months of the year — 30,250 of which went to CEC candidates alone — the federal government's strategy of prioritizing immigration applicants already living and working in Canada has come into sharp focus.

Canada welcomed 393,750 new permanent residents in 2025, down from 483,655 in 2024 and 471,820 in 2023, indicating that federal immigration policy has moved away from the high-growth post-pandemic phase toward a period more focused on sustainability and system capacity. Under the government’s existing plan, the 2025 total came very close to the annual target of 395,000. Looking ahead, Canada also plans to stabilize permanent resident targets at 380,000 per year from 2026 to 2028. At the same time, compared with the moderate reduction in permanent immigration, temporary resident numbers are set to decline more sharply, reflecting Ottawa’s attempt to strike a new balance among labour market needs, housing pressures, pressure on public services, and the pace of population growth.

On March 18, 2026, the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP) conducted its third round of invitations of the year and completed six targeted draws on the same day, issuing a total of 1,243 Invitations to Apply (ITAs). Among them, 1,107 ITAs were issued through the Master’s Graduate and PhD Graduate streams, marking the first invitations under these two streams since September 17, 2024. The draws mainly targeted international student graduates and foreign workers with Canadian work experience in specific National Occupational Classification (NOC) occupations. At the same time, Ontario also issued 136 ITAs through its Employer Job Offer streams. These invitations came as the province moves ahead with a major restructuring of its immigration system, with several current categories scheduled to be revoked on May 30, 2026, and replaced by a new framework.

On March 17, 2026, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) issued 4,000 Invitations to Apply (ITAs) for permanent residence through an Express Entry draw targeting Canadian Experience Class (CEC) candidates. The minimum Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score required in this round was 507, marking a further decline compared with recent CEC draws and representing the lowest cut-off score for the category in the past 18 months. As Canada continues in 2026 to focus more heavily on candidates already in the country, applicants with Canadian work experience are emerging as one of the main beneficiary groups in the Express Entry system.

On March 3, 2026, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) held a Canadian Experience Class (CEC) draw through the Express Entry system, issuing 4,000 Invitations to Apply (ITAs) for permanent residence with a minimum Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score of 508. The cut-off remains close to a two-year low range, and the draw applied the tie-breaking rule based on profile creation time, underscoring IRCC’s continued preference in 2026 for in-Canada candidates with Canadian work experience.

Within Canada's immigration system, the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) has long been a vital channel for international students and skilled workers seeking permanent residence. However, a major hurdle for many applicants is the prerequisite of obtaining a job offer from a local Canadian employer. Despite this challenge, current policies feature 13 provincial nominee pathways that allow applicants to secure a nomination and ultimately apply for permanent residence without employer sponsorship. These pathways span across Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Saskatchewan. For candidates without an employment offer, fully understanding each province's specific requirements—including language proficiency, educational background, occupational categories, and established ties to the province—along with a clear grasp of the application process, is essential to successfully achieving their Canadian immigration goals.

Canada’s federal Bill C-12 proposes a package of changes to immigration administration and the asylum system. The Senate Standing Committee on National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs reported the bill back to the Senate on or around February 25, 2026, without proposing amendments, clearing the way for the legislation to move into the third-reading stage. If the Senate passes the bill at third reading without changing the text, it would only require royal assent to become law. Meanwhile, the Senate Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology recommended sweeping deletions that would remove most of the immigration-related reforms, but because it was not the primary committee responsible for reporting the bill, its recommendations do not constitute formal amendments.